ဝေါဟာရ ဗေဒသဏ္ဌာန် တၞး
ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံ မဒှ်အရာ မပံက်ပွံက် ယၟုဝေါဟာရ ပ္ဍဲအရာမစကာ ကာလ ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန် တၞးဆု တၞံဆုဂမၠိုင်ရ၊၊ တၞးဆုတအ်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုရံင်ကြပ်တုပ်ကီုလေဝ် တၞးဆုတအ်ဂှ် မွဲတၞးကဵုမွဲတၞး ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန်ဍေဟ် ဟွံတုပ် ရေင်သကအ်ရ၊၊ တၞုင်တၞးတအ်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုမ္ဂး ဒှ်ဗီုဓမ္မတာ၊ လ္ၚဵုဗီုဓမ္မတာဟွံသေင်၊ လ္ၚဵု ကလိတ်တုဲ လ္ၚဵု မၞုံကဵုကသော်၊ လ္ၚဵုဓရအ် လ္ၚဵု မၞုံကဵု ဇလ မြဴသာ်ဝွံ ဟွံတုပ်ရေင်သကအ်ရ၊၊ တၞဟ်နဂွံပါ် ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန်တအ်ဂွံတုဲ ကဵုလဝ်ယၟု အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဏအ်ရ၊
ဗီုလဒက်ပ္တန် တၞး (Leaf structure)
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်
တၞး နူတၞံဗွဲမဂၠိုင်မ္ဂး နွံကဵု ဗီုလဒက်ပ္တန် မထပေဟ် မကော်ဂး သၠ၊ ဆဂး တၞးသီုဖအိုတ်ဂှ် ထပေဟ်ဒၟံင် ဖအိုတ် ဟွံသေင်၊ လ္ၚဵုဂှ် ထၜေါမ် (cylindrical)လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ တၞး ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်တအ်ဂှ် မွဲတၞး မွဲဓဝ်လေဝ်နွံကီု လ္ၚဵုဂှ် ဒှ်ဒၟံင်ကမာ မဂၠိုင်ကဵုတၞး မစာတ်ဗာန်ဒၟံင်လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ တၞံပ္ကဴဂမၠိုင်မ္ဂး ညံင်ရဴမၞုံကဵုတၞး သၠမွဲတၞးဂှ် ပ္ဍဲတဝ်တၞးမွဲဂှ် နွံကဵုတၞးဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မကော်စ petiole၊ တုဲပၠန် နွံကဵု ဓရှ် (stipule) မပံင်ပကောံလဝ် နကဵုတဝ် (rachis) လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊
| ဗီုရုပ် (Image) | ဝေါဟာရ (Term) | လေတ္တေန် (Latin) | ဗမံက်ထ္ၜး (Description) |
|---|---|---|---|
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ဒွိပဏ္ဏ (bifoliolate) | မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး ၜါ (Having two leaflets) | |
| ကဝါန် (geminate) | |||
| ကမာ (jugate) | |||
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ဒွိကဝါန် (bigeminate) | မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးၜါ၊ ဇၟာပ်သၠတၞး နွံကဵု ကဝါန် (Having two leaflets, each leaflet being bifoliolate) | |
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ဒွိဇၟန်ကဝါန် (bipinnate) | bipinnatus | အလဵုဇကု သၠတၞးတအ်ဂှ် မဒက်ပ္တန်လဝ် နကဵုဇၟန်တုဲ ဇၟန်ဂှ် နွံကဵုကဝါန် (The leaflets are themselves pinnately-compound; twice pinnate) |
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ဒွိတြိပဏ္ဏ (biternate) | နွံကဵု ပိထာင် ဇၟာပ်ထာင် မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးပိ (With three components, each with three leaflets) | |
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ဒိုဟ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန်(imparipinnate) | မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး အထောတ်မွဲတုဲ ဇၟန်ကဝါန် မၞုံကဵုသၠတၞးဇၞော်ဇၞော် (With an odd number of leaflets, pinnate with a terminal leaflet (the opposite of paripinnate)) | |
| မွဲဒိုဟ်-ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (odd-pinnate) | |||
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လ္ၚောဝ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (paripinnate)]] | ဇၟန်ကဝါန် မၞုံကဵု လၟိဟ်သၠတၞး သီုၜါလပါ် တုပ်ပ် (Pinnate with an even number of leaflets, lacking a terminal leaflet (the opposite of imparipinnate)) | |
| လၟိဟ်တုပ်-ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (even-pinnate) | |||
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ဒွန်တောဲ နဲဂတာတဲ (palmately compound) | မတောဲဗစိုပ်လဝ် သၠတၞးတအ် သီုဖအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲဗဟဵုမွဲဒၞာဲ(Consisting of leaflets all radiating from one point) | |
| ဒွန်တောဲ ဇၟန်ကဝါန်(pinnately compound) | မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးၜါကရုင် ပ္ဍဲတၞုင်တဝ်ဂှ် နွံသၠတၞးမွဲ (ရံင် ဒိုဟ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန် ကေုာံ လ္ၚောဝ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန်) (Having two rows of leaflets on opposite sides of a central axis, see imparipinnate and paripinnate) | ||
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သောင်ရောင်(simple) | တၞး မွဲတၞးဓဝ် ဟွံမဲ ကဵုသၠတၞး (ဟွံမဲကဵု ဒွန်တောဲ) (Leaf blade in one continuous section, without leaflets (not compound)) | |
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တြိပဏ္ဏ(ternate) | (ternatus) | မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး ပိ (With three leaflets) |
| တြိသၠတၞး (trifoliate) | (trifoliatus) | ||
| (trifoliolate) | (trifoliolatus) | ||
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တြိဇၟန်ကဝါန် (tripinnate | (tripinnatus) | ဒွန်တောဲ နကဵု ဇၟန်ကဝါန် ပ္ဍဲဇၟာပ်သၠတၞးဂှ် နွံကဵုဇၟန်ကဝါန်မွဲမွဲ (Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnate) |
ဗီုပြင်တၞး ကေုာံ သၠတၞး(Leaf and leaflet shapes)
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်အရာတၟေင် ကေုာံ ဗီုပြင် တၞးတအ်ဂှ် ဒှ်အရာ သွက်ဂွံစၟတ်သမ္တီ ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ပါ် ဂကူတၞံဆု နာနာတအ်ရ၊၊ ပါဲနူဂှ်တုဲ ဗီုပြင် သဏ္ဌာန်ပ္ကဴတအ်လေဝ် စကာ ပ္ဍဲအရာ မပါ်စၟတ်သမ္တီ ဂကူတၞံဆုတအ်ကီုရ၊၊
|
ဗီုရုပ် |
ဝေါဟာရ |
လေတ္တေန် |
စၞောန် ဒၞာဲအဓိက မၞုံဒၟံင် |
ဗမံက်ထ္ၜး |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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တၞိင်စာမ် (acicular) | acicularis | အလုံမွဲတၞး (entire leaf) | သောဲ တုဲ ကေက် ညံင်ကဵုတၞုင် (Slender and pointed, needle-like.) |
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တၞုင်စာမ်(acuminate) | acuminatus | ကၞောတ် တၞး (leaf tip) | မသောဲကေက်အာ နူကဵုလဒေါဝ် (Tapering to a long point in a concave manner.) |
| |
အခုတ် (acute) | ကၞောတ် (ဟွံ) တမ်တၞး (leaf tip or base) | ကၞောတ် ကဵု တမ် တုပ်သၟဟ် - မၞုံကဵု ကၞောတ် မကေက် ဇမၠေအ်၊ ဒကဴ အောန်နူ 90° ဒဳဂရဳ (Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90°.) | |
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အခုတ္ထမုက်(apiculate) | apiculatus | ကၞောတ်တၞး (leaf tip) | သောဲဍောတ်စှ်ေတုဲ ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ် နွံကဵု ထမုက် မသောဲကေက် (Tapering and ending in a short, slender point.) |
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တၞုၚ်သောဲကေက်(aristate) | aristatus | ကၞောတ်တၞး(leaf tip) | မကယျောဝ်သောဲစှ်ေ တၞုင်ဂၠိၚ်ကေက် (Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point.) |
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ထၞောတ်(attenuate) | တမ်တၞး (leaf base) | မၞုံကဵု ဗီုပြင်တၞး မဍောတ်သောဲစှ်ေ လပါ်တဝ်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲတဝ် ၜါလပါ် မၞုံကဵုတၞးညိည (Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base, always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole.) | |
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ကတောဝ် (auriculate) | တမ်တၞး (leaf base) | မၞုံကဵု ကတောဝ် ၜါလပါ် ပ္ဍဲဒၞာဲမကြပ် ကုတဝ် (ဟွံ) တမ် (တန်တဴကဵု ဒၞာဲလဵု တၞးမၞုံ) (Having ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or to the stem (in case of a seated leaf).) | |
| သက်သၟဟ်(asymmetrical) | အလုံမွဲတၞး (entire leaf) | ဗီုပြင်တၞး မွဲလပါ် ကု မွဲလပါ် ဟွံတုပ်သၟဟ် ရေင်သကအ် (With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib.) | ||
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ဗတ (caudate ) | ကၞောတ်တၞး (leaf tip) | မဂၠိင်တိတ် ဒၞာဲ ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ် ညံင်ကဵု ဗတ (Tailed at the apex.) | |
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ဟဒယ (cordate) | cordatus | အလုံမွဲတၞး(entire leaf) | မတုပ်ဗီုပြင် ကောန်တၟအ် ဟဒယ တဝ် (ဟွံ) တမ် နွံ ဒၞာဲသလံက် (Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the notch.) |
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cuneate | cuneatus | leaf base | Triangular, wedge-shaped, stem attaches to point. |
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cuspidate | leaf tip | With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp. | |
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deltoid or deltate | deltoideus | entire leaf | Shaped like Greek letter Delta, triangular, stem attaches to side. |
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digitate | digitatus | entire leaf | With finger-like lobes, similar to palmate.[၁] |
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elliptic | ellipticus | entire leaf | Oval, with a short or no point. |
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ensiform | ensiformis | entire leaf | Shaped like a sword, long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip. |
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emarginate | leaf tip | Slightly indented at the tip. | |
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falcate | falcatus | entire leaf | Sickle-shaped. |
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fenestrate | fenestratus | surface features | Large openings through the leaf, see perforate. Sometimes use to describes leaf epidermal windows. |
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filiform | filiformis | entire leaf | Thread- or filament-shaped. |
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flabellate | flabellatus | entire leaf | Semi-circular, or fan-like. |
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hastate | hastatus | entire leaf | Spear-shaped: Pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base. |
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laciniate | entire leaf | Very deeply lobed, the lobes being very drawn out, often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork. | |
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lanceolate | lanceolatus | entire leaf | Long, wider in the middle, shaped like a lance tip. |
| laminar | Flat (like most leaves) | |||
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linear | linearis | entire leaf | Long and very narrow like a blade of grass. |
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lobed | lobatus | entire leaf | Being divided by clefts, may be pinnately lobed or palmately lobed. |
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lorate | loratus | entire leaf | Having the form of a thong or strap. |
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lyrate | lyratus | entire leaf | Shaped like a lyre, pinnately lobed leaf with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes. Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table. |
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mucronate | leaf tip | Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib.[၂] | |
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multifid | multi + findere | entire leaf | Cleft into many parts or lobes. |
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obcordate | obcordatus | entire leaf | Heart-shaped, stem attaches at the tapering end. |
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oblanceolate | oblanceolatus | entire leaf | Much longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip, reversed lanceolate. |
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oblique | leaf base | Asymmetrical leaf base, with one side lower than the other | |
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oblong | oblongus | entire leaf | Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides, roughly rectangular. |
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obovate | obovatus | entire leaf | Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate. |
| obtrullate | entire leaf | Reversed trullate, the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex. | ||
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obtuse | obtusus | tip | Blunt, forming an angle > 90°. |
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orbicular | orbicularis | entire leaf | Circular. |
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ovate | ovatus | entire leaf | Oval, egg-shaped, with a tapering point and the widest portion near the petiole. |
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palmate | palmatus | entire leaf | Palm-shaped, i.e., with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base.[၃] |
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palmately lobed | palmatus | entire leaf | Lobes spread radially from a point. [၄] |
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palmatifid | palma + findere | entire leaf | Palm-shaped, having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the petiole. |
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palmatipartite | palma + partiri | entire leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend over half-way toward the petiole. |
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palmatisect | palma + secare | entire leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend almost up, but not quite to the petiole. |
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pandurate | entire leaf | Fiddle-shaped; obovate with a constriction near the middle. | |
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pedate | pedatus | entire leaf | Palmate, with cleft lobes.[၅] |
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peltate | peltatus | stem attachment | A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center. An example would be a lotus leaf. |
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perfoliate | perfoliatus | stem attachment | With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf. |
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perforate | perforatus | leaf surface features | Many holes, or perforations on leaf surface. Compare with fenestrate. |
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pinnately lobed | pinna + lobus | entire leaf | Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis. |
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pinnatifid | pinna + findere | entire leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the midrib. |
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pinnatipartite | pinnatus + partiri | entire leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend more than half-way toward the midrib. |
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pinnatisect | pinnatus + sectus | entire leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend almost, or up to midrib. |
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plicate | plicatus | 3-d shape | Folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf. |
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reniform | reniformis | entire leaf | Shaped like a kidney: an oval with an inward curve on one side. |
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retuse | leaf tip | With a shallow notch in a round apex. | |
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rhomboid or rhombic | rhomboidalis | entire leaf | Diamond-shaped. |
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rounded | rotundifolius | leaf tip or base | Circular, no distinct point. |
| semiterete | 3-d shape | Rounded on one side, but flat on the other. | ||
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sinuate | 3-d shape | Circularly-lobed kind of leaves | |
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sagittate | sagittatus | entire leaf | Arrowhead-shaped with the lower lobes folded, or curled downward |
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spatulate | spathulatus | entire leaf | Spoon-shaped; having a broad flat end which tapers to the base |
| |
spear-shaped | entire leaf | see hastate. | |
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subobtuse | subobtusus | leaf tip or base | Somewhat blunted, neither blunt nor sharp |
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subulate | subulatus | leaf tip | Awl-shaped with a tapering point |
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terete | 3-d shape | Circular in cross-section; more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges. | |
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trullate | entire leaf | Shaped like a bricklayer's trowel | |
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truncate | truncatus | leaf tip or base | With a squared-off end |
| undulate | undulatus | 3-d shape | Wave-like | |
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unifoliate | unifoliatus | compound leaves | With a single leaflet. It is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two abcission layers and often by petiolules and stipels |
Edge
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of a leaf.
| Image | Term | Latin adjective | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
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entire | Forma integra |
Even; with a smooth margin; without toothing |
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ciliate | ciliatus | Fringed with hairs |
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crenate | crenatus | Wavy-toothed; dentate with rounded teeth |
| crenulate | crenulate | Finely crenate | |
| crisped | crispus | curly | |
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dentate | dentatus | Toothed. May be coarsely dentate, having large teeth, or glandular dentate, having teeth which bear glands |
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denticulate | denticulatus | Finely toothed |
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doubly serrate | duplicato-dentatus | Each tooth bearing smaller teeth |
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serrate | serratus | Saw-toothed; with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward |
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serrulate | serrulatus | Finely serrate |
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sinuate | sinuosus | With deep, wave-like indentations; coarsely crenate |
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lobate | lobatus | Indented, with the indentations not reaching the center |
| lobulate | lobulatus | With small lobes | |
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undulate | undulatus | With a wavy edge, shallower than sinuate |
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spiny or pungent | spiculatus | With stiff, sharp points such as thistles |
Leaf folding
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်Leaves may also be folded or rolled in various ways. The folding of leaves within a bud is vernation, ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud.
| Image | Term | Latin | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| carinate or keeled | carinatus | with a longitudinal ridge | |
| conduplicate | folded upwards, with the surfaces close to parallel | ||
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cucullate | forming a hood, margins and tip curved downward | |
| involute | rolled upwards (towards the adaxial surface) | ||
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plicate | plicatus | with parallel folds |
| reduplicate | folded downwards, with the surfaces close to parallel | ||
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revolute | rolled downwards (towards the abaxial surface) | |
| supervolute | opposing left and right halves of lamina folded along longitudinal axis, with one half rolled completely within the other |
Latin descriptions
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်The Latin word for 'leaf', folium, is neuter. In descriptions of a single leaf, the neuter singular ending of the adjective is used, e.g. folium lanceolatum 'lanceolate leaf', folium lineare 'linear leaf'. In descriptions of multiple leaves, the neuter plural is used, e.g. folia linearia 'linear leaves'. Descriptions commonly refer to the plant using the ablative singular or plural, e.g. foliis ovatis 'with ovate leaves'.[၆]
See also
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်- Cladophylls are leaf-like petioles
- Phylloclades are flattened stems that resemble leaves
References
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်- ↑ Also used to describe compound leaves with finger-like leaflets.
- ↑ Mucronate Archived ၂၀၁၆-၀၃-၀၃ at the Wayback Machine, Answers.com, from Roget's Thesaurus.
- ↑ palmate (adj. palmately). GardenWeb Glossary of Botanical Terms. Archived from the original on 2009-02-13။ Retrieved on 2018-10-27။
- ↑ Leaf description glossary. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01။ Retrieved on 2018-10-27။
- ↑ Pedate leaf. Retrieved on February 24, 2014။
- ↑ Stearn (2004), pp. 439–440.
Bibliography
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်- Stearn, W.T. (2004). Botanical Latin, 4th (p/b), Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-7153-1643-6။
- Vascular plant systematics. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1996). Retrieved on 19 January 2016။
External links
ပလေဝ်ဒါန်- Vplants Archived ၂၀၁၆-၀၂-၂၂ at the Wayback Machine
- Botany 115 Archived ၂၀၁၅-၁၂-၂၈ at the Wayback Machine
| ဝဳကဳမဳဒဳယာ ခမ်မောန်မနွံစရၚ်မုက်လိက်ဆက်စပ်နကဵု Category:Leaf margins။ |
| ဝဳကဳမဳဒဳယာ ခမ်မောန်မနွံစရၚ်မုက်လိက်ဆက်စပ်နကဵု Category:Leaf diagrams။ |