သိခဘာသာ၊ ဘာသာသိခ် (Sikhism) (/ˈsɪkɪzəm/); ပုန်ဇပဳ: ਸਿੱਖੀ or Sikhi (Sikkhī,  [ˈsɪkːʰiː], from ਸਿੱਖ, Sikh, မဂွံအဓိပ္ပါယ် 'ကွးသာဝက၊ ညးလ္ၚတ်) ဂှ် ဒှ်ဘာသာမပတှ်ေကျာ်မွဲဇကု မကၠုင်နူ တမ်မူလ ဒေသပုန်ဇာပ် ပ္ဍဲဒကုတ်တိုက် အိန္ဒိယ[lower-roman ၁] ပ္ဍဲအခိင်ကၞောတ် အေဒဳ ၁၅ ဗွဝ်ကၠံ။[၁][၂][၃][၄][၅] သိခဘာသာဝွံ ပ္ဍဲဘာသာဇမၞော်ဂမၠိုင် ဒှ်ဘာသာတၟိအိုတ်တုဲ ဒှ်ဘာသာဇၞော်အိုတ် ပ္ဍဲဂၠးတိ မရနုက်ကဵုမသုန်၊ ညးလျုင်ပတှ်ေ နွံၜိုတ် ၂၅ ပြကောဋိကိုဋ် ပ္ဍဲသၞာံ ၂၀၁၉။

Guru Nanak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539), founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus

သိခဘာသာဂှ် စကတဵုဒှ်ကၠုင် နူကဵု အစာဓရ်ဂုရုနနက်၊ မဒှ် ဂုရုကိုပ်ကၠာအိုတ် (၁၄၆၉-၁၅၃၉)၊ တုဲ ဆက်ကေတ်အာလျိုင်ဒၞာဲညး သီုဖအိုတ် ဂုရု နွံဒစိတ်တၠရ။ ဂုရု မရနုက်ကဵုစှ် ဂုရုဂေါဗိန် သိင်္ဃ (Guru Gobind Singh) (အကြာသၞာံ ၁၆၇၆ - ၁၇၀၈)၊ ဂုရုဂရေန်သဟိဗ် (Guru Granth Sahib) မဒှ် ညးဆက်ဒုင်ကေတ်အာဲညးဂှ် ဒှ်ဂုရုမကြပ်ကဵု ကောန်မၞိဟ်ဂၠိုင်တုဲ ခၞံဗဒှ်ပတိုန် လိက်ဂၠံင်တရဴဓရ်သိခဘာသာရ။[၆] ဂုရုနနက် ဗ္တောန် ဒဒှ်မဂျိုင်တန်တဴ "နကဵုဘဝမၞုံကဵု ကတိုင်ကၟဟ်၊ ခၞံဗဒှ်၊ ကေုာံ ဒ္ဂေတ်လ္ၚတ် ကုဒဒှ်မဍာံစၟတ် မနွံကဵုသစ္စ၊ မနွံကဵု မထိင်ဒဝ် ကေုာံ အးဇ္ၚးဂှ် ဒှ်အရာသမၠုင်အိုတ် လတူဒ္ဂေတ်လၟေတ်တၞဟ်တအ်ရ၊ တုဲပၠန် မဒက်ပ္တန် ပရေင်ပံင်ကောံ ကုကျာ်၊ မတီကေတ် ပၟိက်ဆန္ဒကျာ်တုဲ ဒ္ဂေတ်ဗက် ဂၠံင်တရဴကျာ်ရ။[၇] ဂုရုဟာဂေါဗိန်( Guru Hargobind)၊ မဒှ်ဂုရု မရနုက်ကဵုတြဴ (ပ္ဍဲအကြာသၞာံ ၁၆၀၆ - ၁၆၄၄) ဂှ် ခၞံဗဒှ်ပတိုန် သဘဴဓဝ် အကြာ ဒတန်မိရိ (ပရေင်ဍုင်ကွာန်) ကေုာံ ဒတန်ပိရိ (ဒ္ဂေတ်ဓရ်) တအ်ရ။[၈]

The Sikh scripture opens with the Mul Mantar (ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤਰ), fundamental prayer about ik onkar (ੴ, 'One God').[၉][၁၀] The core beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator; divine unity and equality of all humankind; engaging in seva ('selfless service'); striving for justice for the benefit and prosperity of all; and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life.[၁၁][၁၂][၁၃] Following this standard, Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth.[lower-roman ၂][၁၄]

Sikhism emphasizes simran (ਸਿਮਰਨ, meditation and remembrance of the words of God),[၁၅] which can be expressed musically through kirtan, or internally through <i id="mweA">naam japna</i> ('meditation on His name') as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (i.e. lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego).[၁၆]

The religion developed and evolved in times of religious persecution, gaining converts from both Hinduism and Islam.[၁၇] Mughal rulers of India tortured and executed two of the Sikh gurus—Guru Arjan (1563–1605) and Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)—after they refused to convert to Islam.[၁၈][၁၉][၂၀][၂၁] The persecution of Sikhs triggered the founding of the Khalsa - by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699 - as an order to protect the freedom of conscience and religion,[၂၂] with members expressing the qualities of a Sant-Sipāhī—a 'saint-soldier'.[၂၃][၂၄]

References ပလေဝ်ဒါန်

  1. "Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated on the Indian subcontinent." Moreno, Luis, and César Colino. Diversity and Unity in Federal Countries 
  2. "Sikhism rejects the view that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly regarding Absolute Truth. Sikhism rejects the practice of converting people to other religious traditions." Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2008). Sikhism. London: Kuperard. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-85733-436-4.
  1. Nesbitt, Eleanor M.. Sikhism: a very short introduction 
  2. Singh, Nirbhai. Philosophy of Sikhism: Reality and Its Manifestations 
  3. Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur. Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs 
  4. Religions: Sikhism (2014).
  5. Cole, William Owen. Sikhism and Christianity: A Comparative Study (Themes in Comparative Religion) 
  6. Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. US: Oxford University Press, 21–25, 123–24. ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 
  7. Marwaha, Sonali Bhatt (2006). Colors of Truth: Religion, Self and Emotions : Perspectives of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Islam, Sikhism and Contemporary Psychology. Concept Publishing Company, 205–206. ISBN 978-81-8069-268-0 
  8. Marty, Martin E. (1996). Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50884-9 
  9. Pashaura Singh (2003). The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority. Oxford University Press, 101–102. ISBN 978-0-19-908773-0 
  10. Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt, 20–21, 103. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1 
  11. Kalsi. Sikhism. Chelsea House, 41–50။ 
  12. Cole (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press။ 
  13. Teece (2004). Sikhism:Religion in focus. Black Rabbit Books. ISBN 978-1-58340-469-0 
  14. Reichberg, Gregory M., and Henrik Syse (2014). Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions. Cambridge University Press, 672–74. ISBN 978-1-139-95204-0 
  15. Pattanaik, Devdutt (2019). Where Hinduism and Sikhism meet.
  16. Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth. Socially Involved Renunciate, The: Guru Nanak's Discourse to the Nath Yogis. SUNY Press။ 
  17. (2008) Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy (in English). Routledge. ISBN 9781134049455။ “A large number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism from conviction, fear, economic motives, or a combination of the three (Khushwant Singh 1999: 106; Ganda Singh 1935: 73).” 
  18. The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8 
  19. "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources" . 
  20. "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition" . 
  21. "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab" . 
  22. (1 Feb 2008) History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-8126908578 
  23. Encyclopaedia of Great Festivals. Shree Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-8183291910 
  24. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Last to Lay Arms. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-8170174103 
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